MODERN SURVEYING TECHNIQUES
LAND SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS
THEODOLITE
DUMP LEVEL
MODERN SURVEYING TECHNIQUES
Going through the different presentation slides will provide
a very strong degree of info on the tecniques used in land survey, the instruments, their different parts and uses.
In very few weeks a pretty good knowledge of the techniques and instruments
can be acquired with a pretty good familiarization of the different instruments,techs and applications.
INSTRUMENTS :
( visit the companies websites for the models of instruments and diagrams )
OR YOUTUBE COLLECTION OF VIDEOS
A ) LEVELS : Leica , KEUFFEL & ESSER ,Keuffel and Esser - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://www.slideshare.net/gauravhtandon1/levelling-26905390?related=2
B ) READING RODS , LEVEL STAFF
C ) THEDOLITE, TS OR TOTAL STATIONS > ZEISS-IKON, WILD, TRIMBLE (5600 IR),NIKON DTM801
( visit the companies websites for the models of instruments and diagrams )
http://www.slideshare.net/gauravhtandon1/theodolite-traversing?related=3
http://www.slideshare.net/arunkama9449821467/theodolite-ppt-in-7?related=4
http://www.slideshare.net/illpa/theodolites?related=5 ( the set up of theodolites)
D ) SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS , AP-700E1
E ) CLINOMETERS
F ) ZENITHS
G ) COMPASS (BOUSSOLE)
H ) GPS
http://www.slideshare.net/sunnyjaiswal39/modern-surveying-techniques15
http://www.slideshare.net/sunnyjaiswal39/modern-surveying-techniques15
=========================
Land Survey Technologists and Technicians
JOB BANK IN LAND SURVEYING
1.- http://www.jobbank.gc.ca/job_search_results.do;jsessionid=5838361DAC4716E6FD7EDF50F313E5A3.imnav1?searchstring
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2.- http://www.powershow.com/view/e249b-NWZmM/GPS
_in_Land_Surveying_powerpoint_ppt_presentation
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LAND SURVEY TECHNICIAN
Langley, BC
Salary: $23.00 to $28.00 hourly for 35 to 50 hours per week
Job Number: 166397
Anticipated Start Date: As soon as possible
Source: Job Bank
Terms of Employment: Permanent Full-Time
Number of positions: 3
2.- http://www.powershow.com/view/e249b-NWZmM/GPS
_in_Land_Surveying_powerpoint_ppt_presentation
------------------------------------------------------------------------
LAND SURVEY TECHNICIAN
Langley, BC
Salary: $23.00 to $28.00 hourly for 35 to 50 hours per week
Job Number: 166397
Anticipated Start Date: As soon as possible
Source: Job Bank
Terms of Employment: Permanent Full-Time
Number of positions: 3
======================================
3.- http://www.gospotcheck.com/
===============================
Land Surveyor Salary (Canada)
http://www.payscale.com/research/CA/Job=Land_Surveyor/Hourly_Rate
The average pay for a Land Surveyor is C$26.45 per hour.
For the first five to ten years in this position, pay increases sharply, but any additional experience does not have a big effect on pay.
Land Surveyor Job Listings
Canada Lands Surveyor Oct 20
CMS Management Consulting Inc - Yellowknife, NT
GEOMATICS ENGINEER/ONTARIO LAND SURVEYOR. However, a Land Surveyor /
Engineering designation from another province with the intent to pursue a OLS designation...
- Indeed
http://www.payscale.com/research/CA/Job=Land_Surveyor/Hourly_Rate
https://books.google.ca/books/about/A_manual_of_land_surveying.html?id=RSg7AAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y
A manual of land surveying: comprising an elementary course of practice with instruments and a treatise upon the survey of public and private lands, prepared for use of schools and of surveyors
https://books.google.ca/books/about/A_manual_of_land_surveying.html?id=RSg7AAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y
===================================
Theodolites
http://www.slideshare.net/illpa/theodolites?related=5
1. CE 260 SURVEYING CHAPTER 5
2. THEODOLITES General Background: Theodolites or Transits are surveying instruments
designed to precisely measure horizontal and vertical angles.
3. THEODOLITES <ul><li>They are used to establish straight and curved lines.
To establish or measure distance (Stadia)
To establish Elevation when used as a level. (When we set the vertical angle to 90°).
4. TRANSITS
They have: 4 screw level base.Metallic vertical and horizontal circles read with Vernier scale. Plumb Bob Low precision Old instrument. Not in use now.
5. THEODOLITES They have:
3 screw level base Glass horizontal and vertical circles, read directly or through micrometer.
Right angle prism (optical plummet) High precision
6. ELECTRONIC THEODOLITE Electronic read out 1” eliminate mistakes and reading the angles.
Precision varies from 0.5” – 20” Zero is set by a button.
Repeated angle averaging.
Replacing optical theodolites (It is less expensive to purchase and maintain).
7. THEODOLITES Top image shows the Electronic Theodolite. Bottom shows the Scale readings.
8. THEODOLITES ELECTRONIC THEODOLITE DETAILS
9. THEODOLITES OPERATION KEYS AND DISPLAYS
10. THEODOLITES Field noted for repeated angles
11. THEODOLITES SET-UP Place the instrument over the point with the tripod plate as level as possible and with two tripod legs on the downhill side, if applicable.
3.- http://www.gospotcheck.com/
===============================
Land Surveyor Salary (Canada)
http://www.payscale.com/research/CA/Job=Land_Surveyor/Hourly_Rate
The average pay for a Land Surveyor is C$26.45 per hour.
For the first five to ten years in this position, pay increases sharply, but any additional experience does not have a big effect on pay.
Land Surveyor Job Listings
Canada Lands Surveyor Oct 20
CMS Management Consulting Inc - Yellowknife, NT
GEOMATICS ENGINEER/ONTARIO LAND SURVEYOR. However, a Land Surveyor /
Engineering designation from another province with the intent to pursue a OLS designation...
- Indeed
http://www.payscale.com/research/CA/Job=Land_Surveyor/Hourly_Rate
https://books.google.ca/books/about/A_manual_of_land_surveying.html?id=RSg7AAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y
A manual of land surveying: comprising an elementary course of practice with instruments and a treatise upon the survey of public and private lands, prepared for use of schools and of surveyors
https://books.google.ca/books/about/A_manual_of_land_surveying.html?id=RSg7AAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y
===================================
Theodolites
http://www.slideshare.net/illpa/theodolites?related=5
1. CE 260 SURVEYING CHAPTER 5
2. THEODOLITES General Background: Theodolites or Transits are surveying instruments
designed to precisely measure horizontal and vertical angles.
3. THEODOLITES <ul><li>They are used to establish straight and curved lines.
To establish or measure distance (Stadia)
To establish Elevation when used as a level. (When we set the vertical angle to 90°).
4. TRANSITS
They have: 4 screw level base.Metallic vertical and horizontal circles read with Vernier scale. Plumb Bob Low precision Old instrument. Not in use now.
5. THEODOLITES They have:
3 screw level base Glass horizontal and vertical circles, read directly or through micrometer.
Right angle prism (optical plummet) High precision
6. ELECTRONIC THEODOLITE Electronic read out 1” eliminate mistakes and reading the angles.
Precision varies from 0.5” – 20” Zero is set by a button.
Repeated angle averaging.
Replacing optical theodolites (It is less expensive to purchase and maintain).
7. THEODOLITES Top image shows the Electronic Theodolite. Bottom shows the Scale readings.
8. THEODOLITES ELECTRONIC THEODOLITE DETAILS
9. THEODOLITES OPERATION KEYS AND DISPLAYS
10. THEODOLITES Field noted for repeated angles
11. THEODOLITES SET-UP Place the instrument over the point with the tripod plate as level as possible and with two tripod legs on the downhill side, if applicable.
Stand back a pace or two and see if the instrument appears to be over the station; if it does not, adjust the location and check again from a pace or two away.
12. THEODOLITES SET-UP 3. Move to a position 90° opposed to the original inspection location and repeat step 2.
12. THEODOLITES SET-UP 3. Move to a position 90° opposed to the original inspection location and repeat step 2.
4. Check that the station point can now be seen through the optical plummet (or that the laser plummet spot is reasonably close to the setup mark). Then push the tripod legs firmly by pressing down on the tripod shoe spurs.
13. THEODOLITES SET-UP 5. While looking through the optical plumb (or at the laser spot), manipulate the leveling screws (one, two or all the three at a time) until the cross hair (bull’s-eye) of the optical plummet or the laser spot is directly on the station mark.
13. THEODOLITES SET-UP 5. While looking through the optical plumb (or at the laser spot), manipulate the leveling screws (one, two or all the three at a time) until the cross hair (bull’s-eye) of the optical plummet or the laser spot is directly on the station mark.
6. Level the theodolite circular bubble by adjusting the tripod legs up or down.
14. THEODOLITES SET-UP 7. Perform a check through the optical plummet or note the location of the laser spot to confirm that it is still quite being over the station mark.
14. THEODOLITES SET-UP 7. Perform a check through the optical plummet or note the location of the laser spot to confirm that it is still quite being over the station mark.
8. Turn one (or more) leveling screws to be sure that the circular bubble is now exactly centered (if necessary).
15. THEODOLITES SET-UP 9. Loosen the tripod clamp bolt a bit and slide the instrument on the flat tripod top (if necessary) until the optical plummet or laser spot is exactly centered on the station mark. Re-tighten the tripod clamp bolt and reset the circular bubble, if necessary.
16. THEODOLITES SET-UP 10. The instrument can now be precisely leveled by centering the tubular bubble. Set the tubular bubble so that it is aligned in the same direction as two of the foot screws. Turn these two screws (together or independently) until the bubble is centered. Then turn the instrument 90°, at which point the tubular bubble will be aligned with the third leveling screw.
17. THEODOLITES SET-UP 10. Next, turn that third screw to center the bubble. The instrument now should be level, although it is always checked by turning the instrument through 180°.
18. THEODOLITES Repeating optical theodolite:
Has 3 leveling screws Optical plummet,light weight, glass circle, micrometer
(to read the angles). Most theodolites are equipped with compensating
device (automatic horizontal). >90° or 270° vertical angle of horizon.
19. THEODOLITES <Micrometer used to read vertical and horizontal angles.
2 independent motion (upper and lower). If you move the upper motion,
then the angle does not change. But if you move the lower motion, the angle will change.
20. THEODOLITES
21. Angle Measurement with an Optical Theodolite
22. DIRECT OPTICAL THEODOLITE Has only one motion (upper).
To find angle:
Read the initial direction (L target)
Read the final direction (R target) Determine the difference between the two.
23. DIRECT OPTICAL THEODOLITE Direct optical theodolite generally is more precise.
Some models can read directly 0.2” and estimate 0.1”.
Several sightings are required for precise work.
Distribute initial reading around the circle to minimize the effect of circle
graduation distribution, so initial reading read 0, 45,90,135,…
24. DIRECT OPTICAL THEODOLITE
25. Angles measured with a Direction Theodolite
26. LAYING OFF ANGLES
The angle is to be laid out no more precisely than the
least count of the transit or theodolite.
27. LAYING OFF ANGLES
Process: Lock angle, rotate theodolite, then open lock
and measure again same angle. Should have double the first angle measurement.
28. PROLONGING A STRAIGHT LINE
Start by taking distance at A.
Then go to B, rotate 180°, look back at A, plunge and make another line towards C.
29. BUCKING IN (INTERLINGING) Read A, then plunge to B.
If Distance between B and B’ is 1 M, then you have to move 0.5 M to find C. then do the sighting again.
30. INTERSECTION OF 2 STRAIGHT LINES Put 2 strings between points and then get the intersection.
31. PROLONGING A MEASUREMENT LINE BY TRIANGULATION OVER AN OBSTACLE
32. PROLONGING A LINE PAST AN OBSTACLE There are 3 methods for it:
Right-angle offset method.
Random-line method. Triangulation method.
15. THEODOLITES SET-UP 9. Loosen the tripod clamp bolt a bit and slide the instrument on the flat tripod top (if necessary) until the optical plummet or laser spot is exactly centered on the station mark. Re-tighten the tripod clamp bolt and reset the circular bubble, if necessary.
16. THEODOLITES SET-UP 10. The instrument can now be precisely leveled by centering the tubular bubble. Set the tubular bubble so that it is aligned in the same direction as two of the foot screws. Turn these two screws (together or independently) until the bubble is centered. Then turn the instrument 90°, at which point the tubular bubble will be aligned with the third leveling screw.
17. THEODOLITES SET-UP 10. Next, turn that third screw to center the bubble. The instrument now should be level, although it is always checked by turning the instrument through 180°.
18. THEODOLITES Repeating optical theodolite:
Has 3 leveling screws Optical plummet,light weight, glass circle, micrometer
(to read the angles). Most theodolites are equipped with compensating
device (automatic horizontal). >90° or 270° vertical angle of horizon.
19. THEODOLITES <Micrometer used to read vertical and horizontal angles.
2 independent motion (upper and lower). If you move the upper motion,
then the angle does not change. But if you move the lower motion, the angle will change.
20. THEODOLITES
21. Angle Measurement with an Optical Theodolite
22. DIRECT OPTICAL THEODOLITE Has only one motion (upper).
To find angle:
Read the initial direction (L target)
Read the final direction (R target) Determine the difference between the two.
23. DIRECT OPTICAL THEODOLITE Direct optical theodolite generally is more precise.
Some models can read directly 0.2” and estimate 0.1”.
Several sightings are required for precise work.
Distribute initial reading around the circle to minimize the effect of circle
graduation distribution, so initial reading read 0, 45,90,135,…
24. DIRECT OPTICAL THEODOLITE
25. Angles measured with a Direction Theodolite
26. LAYING OFF ANGLES
The angle is to be laid out no more precisely than the
least count of the transit or theodolite.
27. LAYING OFF ANGLES
Process: Lock angle, rotate theodolite, then open lock
and measure again same angle. Should have double the first angle measurement.
28. PROLONGING A STRAIGHT LINE
Start by taking distance at A.
Then go to B, rotate 180°, look back at A, plunge and make another line towards C.
29. BUCKING IN (INTERLINGING) Read A, then plunge to B.
If Distance between B and B’ is 1 M, then you have to move 0.5 M to find C. then do the sighting again.
30. INTERSECTION OF 2 STRAIGHT LINES Put 2 strings between points and then get the intersection.
31. PROLONGING A MEASUREMENT LINE BY TRIANGULATION OVER AN OBSTACLE
32. PROLONGING A LINE PAST AN OBSTACLE There are 3 methods for it:
Right-angle offset method.
Random-line method. Triangulation method.
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